

Comprising about 2000 drawers of British and Irish butterflies and larger moths arranged to display variation in all its forms, the RCK was originally housed at the Tring Museum but was moved to the Entomology Department of the Natural History Museum (NHM) in South Kensington, London in 1969. The Rothschild-Cockayne-Kettlewell collection, popularly known as the "RCK", was formed in 1947 from the amalgamation of the Rothschild British and Irish butterfly and moth collection with the extensive combined collections of E.A. Processed specimen records and corresponding images are available on the NHM data portal (, Paterson et al. The iCollections project focused on Lepidoptera from the British Isles only however, for comparative purposes, data from another digitisation project – Crop Wild Relatives, which included several groups of Coleoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera – are included. This paper concentrates on details of workflows and the lessons learned, which are fundamental to the design of new digitisation projects ( Nelson et al. 2016b) briefly described the resultant dataset and methodology of digitisation. In addition to the aim of digitising a large collection, iCollections was also established to test the systems that would have to be developed and the ability of the existing infrastructure to deal with relatively large volumes of data in a timely and secure way.

The iCollections project was developed as part of this programme with the aim of developing the necessary data pipelines and digitisation workflows to undertake such a mass digitisation project. The Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK) has embarked on an ambitious programme to digitise its entire collections of some 80 million specimens (see for background and details).
